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API Documentation

version 2.109.1

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Function object.destroy

Destroys the given object and optionally resets to initial state. It's used to destroy an object, calling its destructor or finalizer so it no longer references any other objects. It does not initiate a GC cycle or free any GC memory. If initialize is supplied false, the object is considered invalid after destruction, and should not be referenced.

void destroy(bool initialize = true, T) (
  ref T obj
)
if (is(T == struct));

void destroy(bool initialize = true, T) (
  T obj
)
if (is(T == class));

void destroy(bool initialize = true, T) (
  T obj
)
if (is(T == interface));

void destroy(bool initialize = true, T) (
  ref T obj
)
if (__traits(isStaticArray, T));

void destroy(bool initialize = true, T) (
  ref T obj
)
if (!is(T == struct) && !is(T == interface) && !is(T == class) && !__traits(isStaticArray, T));

Example

Reference type demonstration 

class C
{
    struct Agg
    {
        static int dtorCount;

        int x = 10;
        ~this() { dtorCount++; }
    }

    static int dtorCount;

    string s = "S";
    Agg a;
    ~this() { dtorCount++; }
}

C c = new C();
assert(c.dtorCount == 0);   // destructor not yet called
assert(c.s == "S");         // initial state `c.s` is `"S"`
assert(c.a.dtorCount == 0); // destructor not yet called
assert(c.a.x == 10);        // initial state `c.a.x` is `10`
c.s = "T";
c.a.x = 30;
assert(c.s == "T");         // `c.s` is `"T"`
destroy(c);
assert(c.dtorCount == 1);   // `c`'s destructor was called
assert(c.s == "S");         // `c.s` is back to its inital state, `"S"`
assert(c.a.dtorCount == 1); // `c.a`'s destructor was called
assert(c.a.x == 10);        // `c.a.x` is back to its inital state, `10`

Example

C++ classes work too 

extern (C++) class CPP
{
    struct Agg
    {
        __gshared int dtorCount;

        int x = 10;
        ~this() { dtorCount++; }
    }

    __gshared int dtorCount;

    string s = "S";
    Agg a;
    ~this() { dtorCount++; }
}

CPP cpp = new CPP();
assert(cpp.dtorCount == 0);   // destructor not yet called
assert(cpp.s == "S");         // initial state `cpp.s` is `"S"`
assert(cpp.a.dtorCount == 0); // destructor not yet called
assert(cpp.a.x == 10);        // initial state `cpp.a.x` is `10`
cpp.s = "T";
cpp.a.x = 30;
assert(cpp.s == "T");         // `cpp.s` is `"T"`
destroy!false(cpp);           // destroy without initialization
assert(cpp.dtorCount == 1);   // `cpp`'s destructor was called
assert(cpp.s == "T");         // `cpp.s` is not initialized
assert(cpp.a.dtorCount == 1); // `cpp.a`'s destructor was called
assert(cpp.a.x == 30);        // `cpp.a.x` is not initialized
destroy(cpp);
assert(cpp.dtorCount == 2);   // `cpp`'s destructor was called again
assert(cpp.s == "S");         // `cpp.s` is back to its inital state, `"S"`
assert(cpp.a.dtorCount == 2); // `cpp.a`'s destructor was called again
assert(cpp.a.x == 10);        // `cpp.a.x` is back to its inital state, `10`

Example

Value type demonstration 

int i;
assert(i == 0);           // `i`'s initial state is `0`
i = 1;
assert(i == 1);           // `i` changed to `1`
destroy!false(i);
assert(i == 1);           // `i` was not initialized
destroy(i);
assert(i == 0);           // `i` is back to its initial state `0`

Example

Nested struct type 

int dtorCount;
struct A
{
    int i;
    ~this()
    {
        dtorCount++; // capture local variable
    }
}
A a = A(5);
destroy!false(a);
writeln(dtorCount); // 1
writeln(a.i); // 5

destroy(a);
writeln(dtorCount); // 2
writeln(a.i); // 0

// the context pointer is now null
// restore it so the dtor can run
import core.lifetime : emplace;
emplace(&a, A(0));
// dtor also called here

Authors

Walter Bright, Sean Kelly

License

Boost License 1.0.